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keras_visualize_activations/README.md

+# Extract the activation maps of your Keras models
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/philipperemy/keras-attention-mechanism/blob/master/LICENSE) [![dep1](https://img.shields.io/badge/Tensorflow-1.2+-blue.svg)](https://www.tensorflow.org/) [![dep2](https://img.shields.io/badge/Keras-2.0+-blue.svg)](https://keras.io/) 
+
+*Short code and useful examples to show how to get the activations for each layer for Keras.*
+
+**-> Works for any kind of model (recurrent, convolutional, residuals...). Not only for images!**
+
+## Example of MNIST
+
+Shapes of the activations (one sample) on Keras CNN MNIST:
+```
+----- activations -----
+(1, 26, 26, 32)
+(1, 24, 24, 64)
+(1, 12, 12, 64)
+(1, 12, 12, 64)
+(1, 9216)
+(1, 128)
+(1, 128)
+(1, 10) # softmax output!
+```
+
+Shapes of the activations (batch of 200 samples) on Keras CNN MNIST:
+```
+----- activations -----
+(200, 26, 26, 32)
+(200, 24, 24, 64)
+(200, 12, 12, 64)
+(200, 12, 12, 64)
+(200, 9216)
+(200, 128)
+(200, 128)
+(200, 10)
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/0.png" width="50">
+  <br><i>A random seven from MNIST</i>
+</p>
+
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/1.png">
+  <br><i>Activation map of CONV1 of LeNet</i>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/2.png" width="200">
+  <br><i>Activation map of FC1 of LeNet</i>
+</p>
+
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/3.png" width="300">
+  <br><i>Activation map of Softmax of LeNet. <b>Yes it's a seven!</b></i>
+</p>
+
+<hr/>
+
+The function for visualizing the activations is in the script [read_activations.py](https://github.com/philipperemy/keras-visualize-activations/blob/master/read_activations.py)
+
+Inputs:
+- `model`: Keras model
+- `model_inputs`: Model inputs for which we want to get the activations (for example 200 MNIST images)
+- `print_shape_only`: If set to True, will print the entire activations arrays (might be very verbose!)
+- `layer_name`: Will retrieve the activations of a specific layer, if the name matches one of the existing layers of the model.
+
+Outputs:
+- returns a list of each layer (by order of definition) and its corresponding activations.
+
+I provide a simple example to see how it works with the MNIST model. I separated the training and the visualizations because if the two were to be done sequentially, we would have to re-train the model every time we would like to visualize the activations! Not very practical! Here are the main steps:
+
+Running `python model_train.py` will do:
+
+- define the model
+- if no checkpoints are detected:
+  - train the model
+  - save the best model in checkpoints/
+- load the model from the best checkpoint
+- read the activations
+
+`model_multi_inputs_train.py` contains very simple examples to visualize activations with multi inputs models. 

keras_visualize_activations/data.py

+import keras
+import keras.backend as K
+from keras.datasets import mnist
+
+# input image dimensions
+img_rows, img_cols = 28, 28
+input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, 1)
+num_classes = 10
+
+
+def get_mnist_data():
+
+    # the data, shuffled and split between train and test sets
+    (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()
+
+    x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
+    x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)
+
+    x_train = x_train.astype('float32')
+    x_test = x_test.astype('float32')
+    x_train /= 255
+    x_test /= 255
+    print('x_train shape:', x_train.shape)
+    print(x_train.shape[0], 'train samples')
+    print(x_test.shape[0], 'test samples')
+
+    # convert class vectors to binary class matrices
+    y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)
+    y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)
+    return x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test
\ No newline at end of file

keras_visualize_activations/model_multi_inputs_train.py

+import keras.backend as K
+import numpy as np
+from keras.layers import merge, Dense
+from keras.models import Input, Model, Sequential
+
+
+def get_multi_inputs_model():
+    a = Input(shape=(10,))
+    b = Input(shape=(10,))
+    c = merge([a, b], mode='mul')
+    c = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid', name='only_this_layer')(c)
+    m_multi = Model(inputs=[a, b], outputs=c)
+    return m_multi
+
+
+def get_single_inputs_model():
+    m_single = Sequential()
+    m_single.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid', input_shape=(10,)))
+    return m_single
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+    m = get_multi_inputs_model()
+    m.compile(optimizer='adam',
+              loss='binary_crossentropy')
+
+    inp_a = np.random.uniform(size=(100, 10))
+    inp_b = np.random.uniform(size=(100, 10))
+    inp_o = np.random.randint(low=0, high=2, size=(100, 1))
+    m.fit([inp_a, inp_b], inp_o)
+
+    from read_activations import *
+
+    get_activations(m, [inp_a[0:1], inp_b[0:1]], print_shape_only=True)
+    get_activations(m, [inp_a[0:1], inp_b[0:1]], print_shape_only=True, layer_name='only_this_layer')
+
+    m2 = get_single_inputs_model()
+    m2.compile(optimizer='adam',
+               loss='binary_crossentropy')
+    m2.fit([inp_a], inp_o)
+
+    get_activations(m2, [inp_a[0]], print_shape_only=True)

keras_visualize_activations/model_train.py

+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from glob import glob
+
+import keras
+from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint
+from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D
+from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten
+from keras.models import Sequential
+
+from data import get_mnist_data, num_classes, input_shape
+from read_activations import get_activations, display_activations
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+    checkpoints = glob('checkpoints/*.h5')
+    # pip3 install natsort
+    from natsort import natsorted
+
+    from keras.models import load_model
+
+    if len(checkpoints) > 0:
+
+        checkpoints = natsorted(checkpoints)
+        assert len(checkpoints) != 0, 'No checkpoints found.'
+        checkpoint_file = checkpoints[-1]
+        print('Loading [{}]'.format(checkpoint_file))
+        model = load_model(checkpoint_file)
+
+        model.compile(optimizer='adam',
+                      loss='categorical_crossentropy',
+                      metrics=['accuracy'])
+
+        print(model.summary())
+
+        x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test = get_mnist_data()
+
+        # checking that the accuracy is the same as before 99% at the first epoch.
+        test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=1, batch_size=128)
+        print('')
+        assert test_acc > 0.98
+
+        a = get_activations(model, x_test[0:1], print_shape_only=True)  # with just one sample.
+        display_activations(a)
+
+        get_activations(model, x_test[0:200], print_shape_only=True)  # with 200 samples.
+
+        # import numpy as np
+        # import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+        # plt.imshow(np.squeeze(x_test[0:1]), interpolation='None', cmap='gray')
+    else:
+        x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test = get_mnist_data()
+
+        model = Sequential()
+        model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3),
+                         activation='relu',
+                         input_shape=input_shape))
+        model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
+        model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
+        model.add(Dropout(0.25))
+        model.add(Flatten())
+        model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))
+        model.add(Dropout(0.5))
+        model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))
+
+        model.compile(loss=keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,
+                      optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adadelta(),
+                      metrics=['accuracy'])
+
+        # Change starts here
+        import shutil
+        import os
+
+        # delete folder and its content and creates a new one.
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree('checkpoints')
+        except:
+            pass
+        os.mkdir('checkpoints')
+
+        checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint(monitor='val_acc',
+                                     filepath='checkpoints/model_{epoch:02d}_{val_acc:.3f}.h5',
+                                     save_best_only=True)
+
+        model.fit(x_train, y_train,
+                  batch_size=128,
+                  epochs=12,
+                  verbose=1,
+                  validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
+                  callbacks=[checkpoint])
+
+        # Change finishes here
+
+        score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)
+        print('Test loss:', score[0])
+        print('Test accuracy:', score[1])

keras_visualize_activations/read_activations.py

+import keras.backend as K
+
+
+def get_activations(model, model_inputs, print_shape_only=False, layer_name=None):
+    print('----- activations -----')
+    activations = []
+    inp = model.input
+
+    model_multi_inputs_cond = True
+    if not isinstance(inp, list):
+        # only one input! let's wrap it in a list.
+        inp = [inp]
+        model_multi_inputs_cond = False
+
+    outputs = [layer.output for layer in model.layers if
+               layer.name == layer_name or layer_name is None]  # all layer outputs
+
+    funcs = [K.function(inp + [K.learning_phase()], [out]) for out in outputs]  # evaluation functions
+
+    if model_multi_inputs_cond:
+        list_inputs = []
+        list_inputs.extend(model_inputs)
+        list_inputs.append(0.)
+    else:
+        list_inputs = [model_inputs, 0.]
+
+    # Learning phase. 0 = Test mode (no dropout or batch normalization)
+    # layer_outputs = [func([model_inputs, 0.])[0] for func in funcs]
+    layer_outputs = [func(list_inputs)[0] for func in funcs]
+    for layer_activations in layer_outputs:
+        activations.append(layer_activations)
+        if print_shape_only:
+            print(layer_activations.shape)
+        else:
+            print(layer_activations)
+    return activations
+
+
+def display_activations(activation_maps):
+    import numpy as np
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    """
+    (1, 26, 26, 32)
+    (1, 24, 24, 64)
+    (1, 12, 12, 64)
+    (1, 12, 12, 64)
+    (1, 9216)
+    (1, 128)
+    (1, 128)
+    (1, 10)
+    """
+    batch_size = activation_maps[0].shape[0]
+    assert batch_size == 1, 'One image at a time to visualize.'
+    for i, activation_map in enumerate(activation_maps):
+        print('Displaying activation map {}'.format(i))
+        shape = activation_map.shape
+        if len(shape) == 4:
+            activations = np.hstack(np.transpose(activation_map[0], (2, 0, 1)))
+        elif len(shape) == 2:
+            # try to make it square as much as possible. we can skip some activations.
+            activations = activation_map[0]
+            num_activations = len(activations)
+            if num_activations > 1024:  # too hard to display it on the screen.
+                square_param = int(np.floor(np.sqrt(num_activations)))
+                activations = activations[0: square_param * square_param]
+                activations = np.reshape(activations, (square_param, square_param))
+            else:
+                activations = np.expand_dims(activations, axis=0)
+        else:
+            raise Exception('len(shape) = 3 has not been implemented.')
+        plt.imshow(activations, interpolation='None', cmap='jet')
+        plt.show()

keras_visualize_activations/requirements.txt

+Keras==2.0.2
+natsort==5.0.2
+numpy==1.12.1
+h5py
\ No newline at end of file